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The Strauss–Howe generational theory, created by authors William Strauss and Neil Howe, identifies a recurring generational cycle in American history. Strauss and Howe lay the groundwork for the theory in their 1991 book ''Generations'', which retells the history of America as a series of generational biographies going back to 1584.〔 In their 1997 book ''The Fourth Turning'', the authors expanded the theory to focus on a fourfold cycle of generational types and recurring mood eras in American history.〔 They and their consultancy, LifeCourse Associates, have expanded on the concept in a variety of publications since then. The theory was developed to describe the history of the United States, including the 13 colonies and their British antecedents, and this is where the most detailed research has been done. However, the authors have also examined generational trends elsewhere in the world and identified similar cycles in several developed countries.〔Strauss & Howe 1997, pp. 119–121.〕 The books are best-sellers and the theory has been widely influential and acclaimed. Eric Hoover (2009) has called the authors pioneers in a burgeoning industry of consultants, speakers and researchers focused on generations.〔Hoover, 2009. ''Generations established its creators as pioneers in a burgeoning field. They soon became media darlings, best-selling authors, and busy speakers. Generations would popularize the idea that people in a particular age group share distinct personae and values by virtue of occupying the same "place" in time as they grow up''.〕 Academic response to the theory has been mixed—some applauding Strauss and Howe for their "bold and imaginative thesis," and others criticizing the theory.〔 Retrieved 23 January 2012.〕〔 Criticism has focused on the lack of rigorous empirical evidence for their claims,〔Giancola, 2006.〕 and a perception that aspects of the argument gloss over real differences within the population.〔 ==History== William Strauss and Neil Howe’s partnership began in the late 1980s when they began writing the book ''Generations'', which tells the history of America as a succession of generational biographies. Each had written on generational topics: Strauss on Baby Boomers and the Vietnam War draft, and Howe on the G.I. Generation and federal entitlement programs.〔Strauss & Howe, 1991. p. 14.〕 Strauss co-wrote books about how the Vietnam War affected the Baby Boomers called ''Chance and Circumstance: The Draft the War and The Vietnam Generation'' (1978) and ''Reconciliation after Vietnam'' (1977) with Lawrence Baskir. Neil Howe studied what he believed to be America's entitlement attitude of the 1980s and co-authored ''On Borrowed Time: How America's entitlement ego puts America's future at risk of Bankruptcy'' in 1988 with Peter George Peterson. The authors’ interest in generations as a broader topic emerged after they met in Washington, D.C., and began discussing the connections between each of their previous work. They wondered why Boomers and G.I.s had developed such different ways of looking at the world, and what it was about these generations’ growing up experiences that prompted their different outlooks. They also wondered whether any previous generations had acted along similar lines, and their research showed that there were indeed historical analogues to the current generations. The two ultimately identified a recurring pattern in Anglo-American history of four generational types, each with a distinct collective persona, and a corresponding cycle of four different types of era, each with a distinct mood. The groundwork for this theory was laid out in ''Generations'' in 1991. Strauss and Howe expanded on the theory and updated the terminology in ''The Fourth Turning'' in 1997.〔〔Strauss&Howe, 1997. p. 338.〕 ''Generations'' helped popularize the idea that people in a particular age group tend to share a distinct set of beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviors because they all grow up and come of age during a particular period in history.〔 In the mid-1990s, the authors began receiving inquiries about how their generational insights could help solve strategic problems in organizations. Strauss and Howe were quickly established as pioneers in a growing field, and started speaking frequently about their work at events and conferences.〔 In 1999, Strauss and Howe founded LifeCourse Associates, a publishing, speaking, and consulting company built on their generational theory. As LifeCourse partners, they have offered keynote speeches, consulting services, and customized communications to corporate, nonprofit, government, and education clients. They have also written six books on how the Millennial Generation is transforming various sectors, including schools, colleges, entertainment, and the workplace. On December 18, 2007, William Strauss died at the age of 60 from pancreatic cancer. Neil Howe has continued to expand LifeCourse Associates and to write books and articles on a variety of generational topics. Each year Mr. Howe gives about 60 speeches, often followed by customized workshops, at colleges, elementary schools, and corporations.〔 Neil Howe is a public policy adviser to the Blackstone Group, senior adviser to the Concord Coalition, and senior associate to the Center for Strategic and International Studies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.internationalspeakers.com/speaker/664/neil_howe )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strauss–Howe generational theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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